Generally, there are 7 kinds of drilling equipment as follows: conventional land drilling rig, desert drilling rig, truck mounted drilling rig, coiled tubing machine, inclined well drilling rig, offshore drilling platform and Drillship. A drilling rig is a complex set of machines composed of machines, units, and mechanisms. A drilling rig is a mechanical equipment used in exploration or development of mineral resources (including solid, liquid, gas, etc.) to drive drilling tools underground and obtain physical geological data. Also known as a drilling machine. A modern drilling rig must also have a set of auxiliary equipment, such as power supply, gas supply, water supply, oil supply and other equipment, equipment storage, anti blowout and fire prevention facilities, drilling fluid preparation, storage, processing facilities, and various instruments and automatic recording instruments.
Drilling equipment usually includes the following seven types: conventional land drilling rigs, desert drilling rigs, truck-mounted drilling rigs, continuous pipe operation machines, inclined shaft drilling rigs, offshore drilling platforms, and drilling ships. A drilling rig is a complex set of machines consisting of machinery, units, and mechanisms. It is a piece of equipment used in exploration or the development of mineral resources (including solid minerals, liquid minerals, gas minerals, etc.) to drive the drilling tools to drill into the ground and obtain physical geological data. It is also known as a drilling machine. Modern drilling rigs must also have a set of auxiliary equipment, such as power supply, gas supply, water supply, and oil supply equipment, equipment storage, blowout prevention and fire prevention facilities, drilling fluid preparation, storage, and treatment facilities, as well as various instruments and automatic recording instruments.
Daily Maintenance:
1. Conduct inspections on the main structural condition of the drilling rig, the bolts of the structural connecting parts, the connecting pins of the structural components, the weld seams of each component, the suspension basket structure and the safety protection conditions. In particular, before the equipment is put into use, qualified units should conduct safety performance tests on it, and it can only be used after passing the tests.
2. Regularly inspect the conditions of various power heads, working oil cylinders, drill bits and drill rods.
3. Regularly inspect the device on the drum of the hoist to prevent the steel wire rope from falling off, as well as the height of the edges on both sides, the condition of the drum wall, and the number of times the steel wire rope tail wraps around the drum. In particular, the condition of the brake opening should be inspected as a key point at all times.
According to the drilling methods: (1) Impact drilling rigs, such as wire rope impact drilling rigs (hammer drilling rigs), vibration drilling rigs, etc.; (2) Rotating drilling rigs, such as those used in rotary drilling methods; (3) Downhole power drilling tools, such as rotary impact drilling tools, turbodrills, screw drills, electric drills, etc.
By drilling depth classification: (1) Ultra-deep well drilling rigs. These are rigs that use 114-millimeter diameter drill pipes, have a nominal drilling depth range of over 7,000 meters, and have a maximum hook load of 4,500 kilonewtons; (2) Deep well drilling rigs. These are rigs with 114-millimeter diameter drill pipes, a nominal drilling depth range of 4,000 - 7,000 meters, and a maximum hook load of 2,250 - 4,500 kilonewtons; (3) Medium-deep well drilling rigs. These use drill bits with a diameter of 114 mm, a nominal drilling depth range of 1,500 - 4,000 meters, and a maximum hook load of 900 - 2,250 kN.
According to the power source: (1) Diesel engine drives the drilling rig, equipped with mechanical transmission or hydraulic transmission diesel engine; (2) AC-driven drilling rig, suitable for industrial grid oil fields; (3) DC electric drilling rig, the working unit is driven by a DC motor. According to the driving method: (1) Independent driving. Each working machine independently selects generators of different sizes for driving, mostly used for electric drive, with simple transmission and easy installation, but low power utilization rate and large total equipment mass; (2) Unified driving. The three working units of winch, drilling pump and rotary table are driven by the same power unit. Most drilling rigs adopt this scheme. Unified driving can also include only one drilling pump, and the other one is driven independently. The power utilization rate of the drilling rig with unified driving is high, and when the engine fails, it can be adjusted mutually, but the transmission is complex, installation and adjustment are troublesome, and the transmission efficiency is low; (3) Grouped driving. The combination of power is between independent driving and unified driving. There are two schemes for the three working machines. This drilling rig has a higher power utilization rate than independent driving, the transmission is simpler than unified driving, and two groups of working machines can be installed at different heights and on scattered sites.
Drilling rig working principle: The hook ring is connected to the hook ring seat via a pin shaft. The hook ring seat is welded with the hook rod as a whole. The cylinder body is connected to the hook body with left-handed threads, and a stop block is used to prevent the threads from loosening. The hook body and the cylinder body can move up and down along the hook rod. The inner and outer load springs function to cause the standing root to spring up after the locking mechanism is released during the drilling process. The cylinder body is filled with oil. The seat ring of the thrust bearing divides the oil cavity into two parts, and there are oil holes on the seat ring. Due to the damping effect of the oil flow, the impact and vibration of the hook body during the drilling operation are absorbed, which can prevent the screw thread of the drill pipe joint from being damaged. The upper end of the cylinder body is composed of 6 small springs and a positioning disc as a positioning device. By relying on the frictional force between the positioning and the annular contact surface of the hook ring seat, it can prevent the rotation when lifting the empty hook card, thus preventing the hook ring from shifting position.
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