Where should the construction of green mines in harmonious mining areas go?

Today, on Baidu, the world's largest Chinese search engine, enter "; Green Mines” Within 0.008 seconds, 12.7 million related entries, including 113000 images, can pop up. If we were to go back 10 years, this number would have been unimaginable.
" In 2012, we held a green mining experience exchange meeting in Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia. At that time, the venue could only accommodate 500 people, but as the number of attendees increased, we had to add a sub venue next to it and broadcast it live on a large screen. ” The enthusiasm of Chinese mining enterprises for green mines is still fresh in the memory of Ju Jianhua, Director of the Planning Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources.
Not long ago, the Consulting and Research Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources held a 2015 work conference at the Shanshui Hotel in Beijing, specifically arranging three business exchanges. One of the themes is the construction of green mines and harmonious mining areas. Representatives from the Ministry of Land and Resources, mining enterprises, research institutions, and industry associations held a major discussion on this topic. Ju Jianhua, as the main leader of the Planning Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources responsible for managing the construction of green mines and harmonious mining areas, gave a speech at the meeting and was well received.
At the 2007 China International Mining Conference, Xu Shaoshi, then Minister of Land and Resources, first proposed the idea of; Developing Green Mining Industry; The focus of society has shifted from the opposition between mining and the environment to the unity of the two. At the same time, more and more mining enterprises are also participating in the construction of green mines.
On November 25, 2008, the China Mining Circular Economy Forum was held in Nanning, Guangxi. The China Mining Federation and 11 large mining enterprises advocated for the signing of the "Green Mining Convention", which received positive response from mining enterprises.
As of now, the Ministry of Land and Resources has announced four batches and 661 national level green mine pilot units, among which the first batch of 35 national level green mines have passed the acceptance inspection. But in the face of a huge base of over 100000 small and large mines across the country, these 600+green mining enterprises, although pioneers, are walking a bit alone.

Going forward requires the rule of law to protect you

In recent years, many mining enterprises that have developed extensively in the past have achieved not only; Reform and reform; It has become a society that drives local economy and benefits the people in one area; Positive energy;. Among them is Hunan Anhua Zhazixi Mining Co., Ltd.
Since its restructuring in 2009, the enterprise has become the largest taxpayer in the county, driving a nearly fourfold increase in the gross domestic product of Kuixi Town and doubling the per capita income of farmers. The company has also invested millions of yuan to build bridges, roads, and rural safe drinking water systems in the local area.
" I am a; Leading troops to battle; As long as companies have money, they should engage in green mining. ” The Secretary of the Party Committee of the company, Zeng Qingbin, said that environmental governance is of great significance for generations to come and is essential for achieving; Win win” Based on this, the enterprise has an unshirkable responsibility.
In response to the historical legacy of environmental pollution in mining areas, the company has invested nearly 100 million yuan over the past five years to comprehensively control the underground pollutant discharge treatment system. After testing by the local environmental protection department, it has been found that; Three wastes” The zero emission qualification rate is over 98%, which basically eliminates the harm to crops. " The mining, beneficiation, metallurgy, energy-saving, and environmental protection renovation and expansion production line with an investment of 390 million yuan is currently under construction and is expected to be officially put into operation this year. ”
But when it comes to the survival environment of enterprises, this'; Iron Army; Zeng Qingbin couldn't help but furrow his brow.
On the one hand, although enterprises have made unremitting efforts to promote harmony in mining areas, the demands and propositions of some local people have become increasingly disordered; The construction of the high-voltage power line socket by the enterprise requires the requisition of 20 square meters of land from a farmer's household. The farmer proposed a price of 2 million yuan, equivalent to 100000 yuan per square meter, which is equivalent to an inch of land, more expensive than the housing prices in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. After we refused, it affected the project progress for 2 years. ” On the other hand, illegal poaching that persists despite repeated bans and the practice of turning around several times a day; Administrative inspection; Some administrative personnel trade their services for discounts, which really exhausts them from coping.
According to feedback from a nationwide survey conducted by the China Mining Association, the phenomenon of mining residents demanding exorbitant prices from enterprises for land acquisition, mountain acquisition, and agricultural compensation, and using violent means to force enterprises to stop production and work, ignoring laws and regulations, is still prominent in some areas.
In order for mining enterprises to survive, they must invest a lot of energy and local governments; Maintain good relationships; Otherwise, it means; Troubles keep coming; Perhaps it is the current China; An open secret;. However, the current situation is that even if; We have established good relationships; Some contradictions are still on the verge of erupting, and it cannot avoid functional departments from dealing with mining conflicts; When the audience; In investigating and punishing illegal activities; Open one eye and close the other;.
" Harmony is a concept, only by following the law can fairness be truly achieved, the management system and governance capacity of the government and relevant departments can be comprehensively improved, and harmonious mining areas can truly have rules to follow. ” Wang Chibing, Deputy Director of the Department of Land and Resources of Guizhou Province, believes that the top priority is to improve the top-level design and use the legal system to safeguard the construction of harmonious mining areas.

Clearly positioning and doing things well

" Especially once the problem becomes sharp and complex, the relevant departments often push the difficult problem of handling conflicts among all parties to the enterprise. ” The head of a mining enterprise told reporters.
The lack of unified top-level design has led to unclear roles and responsibilities of local governments and enterprises in the construction of harmonious mining areas.
" Government guidance, association follow-up; This is the work policy of the Ministry of Land and Resources to promote the construction of green mines and harmonious mining areas. Clarify the role positioning of the government, further leverage the role of research institutions and industry associations, accelerate the formulation of policy support, and develop quantitative and specific standards.
In order to establish a clear framework for the construction of harmonious mining areas as soon as possible, the Ministry of Land and Resources, relevant research institutions, and industry associations have been busy. Since 2012, the Development Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources, together with the China Mining Association and the China Mining News, has conducted on-site research in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, a pilot province for the construction of harmonious mining areas, as well as in Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces. They have visited the government, enterprises, and the public, and extensively solicited expert opinions. Ultimately, with the government as the leader, enterprises as the foundation, and the ultimate goal of achieving shared benefits between enterprises and local people; Harmonious Mining Area Construction Indicator Standard System; Formed.
In this system, for the first time, dual entities of enterprises and governments were established, and government promotion was included in the assessment criteria, accounting for 30% of the indicators. Enterprises score the effectiveness of government public services, the collection of enterprise fees, external production conditions, and the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of mining rights holders to assess the support provided by local governments for the sustainable development of mining enterprises.
At the same time, in response to the lack of policy support for sustainable development from administrative departments, as well as the absence of national level guidance documents and rigid requirements, which make it difficult to achieve the construction of harmonious mining areas, in recent years, the Ministry of Land and Resources, together with relevant departments, has focused on the construction of a standard system and accelerated the improvement of top-level design.
In December 2013, led by the National Development and Reform Commission and jointly issued the "National Ecological Civilization Pilot Demonstration Zone Construction Plan" by six ministries including the Ministry of Land and Resources, which clearly identified the construction of green mines as an important assessment indicator. At the same time, as a continuation and deepening of green mining construction, the construction of harmonious mining areas is also moving towards institutionalization and standardization. Last year, the Party Group of the Ministry of Land and Resources proposed to elevate green mines and harmonious mining areas to national strategic planning and include them in local government assessment methods.
Ju Jianhua said that, as a key task, the Ministry of Land and Resources is now promoting the construction of green mines from point to point, and striving to form a basic pattern by 2020. The main consideration is to provide policy support in tax and fee issues, technological cooperation, demonstration projects, etc., and to tilt more towards green mines in mining rights allocation and land allocation, in order to better mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises and encourage and guide social participation.
It can be said that at the institutional level, the construction of harmonious mining areas is moving from individual departments to social co construction.

Scientific research bonus should be awesome

The construction of green mines and harmonious mining areas requires social understanding and care, and the technological innovation of green mining enterprises also needs to be recognized by society.
In China, the vast majority of mines still face the problems of outdated equipment technology and low industrial concentration. The construction of green mines is generally supported by systematic technological innovation and a series of upgrades and transformations of production equipment, which means that enterprises invest a large amount of funds. Small businesses constrained by financial and technological constraints; Sighing at the ocean;. In fact, large enterprises leading the way often feel; I feel a chill in my heart. ”
In 2011, Huzhou Xinkaiyuan Crushed Stone Co., Ltd. was recognized by the Ministry of Land and Resources as one of the first national green mining pilot units. However, three years later, General Manager Yao Shaowu was not happy because; Although it is now a national level green mine, it still cannot change the traditional perception of mining enterprises in society. ”
" In fact, our modern mines are no longer the kind that society imagines; On a sunny day, everything is gray, and on a rainy day, everything is muddy;. ” Yao Shaowu introduced; High starting point; Mining companies are still rare in China. 20 years ago, the company introduced advanced equipment and production processes from abroad, and designed and constructed projects according to the requirements of large-scale modern mines. Over the years, through collaboration with universities and research institutions; Marriage alliance; At present, the company has obtained 26 patents in comprehensive resource utilization, energy conservation and emission reduction, and clean production, and has shared its technological innovation achievements with other mining enterprises.
However, it is precisely this enterprise that has led the industry's progress in transforming traditional mining and resource utilization methods that has been blocked by the uation system from the national policy of supporting the development of high-tech enterprises. In 2012 and 2013, the company applied for high-tech enterprise twice, but was rejected by the relevant regulatory authorities on the grounds that there were no aggregate projects in the catalog.
" This really pours cold water on mining enterprises' pursuit of technological progress and innovation. ” Yao Shaowu said that in the current mining situation, the cost of building green mines for enterprises itself far exceeds the market cost, and the lack of policy support makes them feel even more; The pressure is immense;.
Yao Shaowu proposed whether more support can be given to green mining enterprises by adjusting and improving the current resource tax and fee policies. " If technology is used to exempt resource fees for the comprehensive utilization of mineral products, it will encourage enterprises to carry out technological innovation, promote resource conservation, and develop a circular economy. ”
As a model of national mining, the advantages of green mining enterprises in obtaining financial support are not obvious.
" At present, the special funds are mainly targeted at a certain aspect of green development in mines, and their use is presented as follows:; Fragmentation;. ” Zhao Quanhou, Director of the Financial Research Office at the Institute of Fiscal Science of the Ministry of Finance, frankly stated that coupled with the relatively small number of pilot projects for green mines, there are still great challenges in promoting the overall green development of the mining industry in the short term. Harmony between people relies on mechanisms If the construction of green mines that coordinate the relationship between humans and nature is already difficult, then the construction of harmonious mining areas that coordinate the relationship between humans is even more complex.
" Its work involves various aspects such as mining, agriculture, environmental protection, social undertakings, infrastructure construction, new rural construction, land reclamation and remediation, and relying solely on a departmental document is far from enough. ” Guo Min, Director of the Development Research Department of the China Mining Association, said; In a sense, achieving instant harmony in mining areas is achievable, but achieving sustainable harmony is difficult. ”
Behind the pale law lies the practical problem of coordinated development between workers and peasants, as well as how to solve the long-term survival and development of displaced farmers. It also exposes the long-standing misplacement and absence of the government's role. The practice in various regions increasingly shows that the construction of harmonious mining areas is not a single issue of mineral resource management or mining economy, but an important component of a harmonious society. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a long-term mechanism.
How to satisfy enterprises, mining residents, and governments in the process of mineral resource development? Guo Min believes that the key is to find a balance of interests among relevant parties; We need a mechanism that can achieve benefit sharing and conflict resolution. ”
What role should the government play in the construction of harmonious mining areas? From '; Yamen style; Towards'; Service oriented; Transformation is a common call. Standardize administrative management functions, eliminate some redundant approval items and links, reduce intervention in microeconomic activities of mining enterprises, and focus administrative management on creating a good environment for enterprises, promoting worker farmer relations, and coordinating environmental protection.
Is there a better way to compensate for the interests of the people in mining areas? " Exploring farmers' use of land use rights as equity in mining land acquisition; Wang Chibing believes that this approach can to some extent ensure the long-term interests of displaced farmers. In addition, he suggested that governments at all levels should extract a certain proportion from the mineral taxes and fees received and establish a compensation fund for the mining area environment and public interests.
How to narrow the gap between workers and farmers? Zeng Qingbin's answer is:; Blood transfusion is not as good as hematopoiesis. ” Combining the development of mining with the construction of new rural areas, transforming the one-way support and funding for rural farmers into encouraging the establishment of economic entities, mostly for towns and villages around mining areas; Golden Idea” Provide employment opportunities.
" At present, more than 80% of the employees in the company are local villagers, and some key personnel have even become middle-level leaders of the company. ” Yao Shaowu believes that it is important to involve local people in the development of the company; Priority can also be given to directly contracting mining auxiliary engineering projects and logistical work such as cleaning and greening to village committees or villagers to assist in local economic development. ” He said. News promotion needs to keep up Some people say that it was news and public opinion that gave birth to it; Harmonious Mining Area Construction; The proposal. Although not entirely accurate, the media's news coverage is indeed playing a significant role that cannot be underestimated; Strength;.
In May 2011, a certain; Internal reference; An article titled '; Henan province takes strict measures to govern mines strictly; The report has attracted the attention of Wen Jiabao, Li Keqiang and others, who have successively made important instructions to address the prominent problems in current mineral resource management from an institutional perspective. Subsequently, CCTV; The indiscriminate mining and excavation of the Xiangjiang Nonferrous Mine have caused serious pollution in the Xiangjiang River; The report has attracted the attention of central leaders, who demand a thorough solution to the pollution of the Xiangjiang River. In October of the same year, the Ministry of Land and Resources submitted a report on the management of mineral resources to the State Council. On November 5th, the central leadership affirmed the report proposed by the Ministry of Land and Resources. Thus, the proposal for the pilot construction of harmonious mining areas has been adopted at the national level.
From the perspective of the media, it is not yet common to provide support for the construction of harmonious mining areas. The consultation and research center of the Ministry of Land and Resources held an event on; Green Mining and Harmonious Mining Area Construction; At the themed business exchange meeting, Zhao Laping, Vice President and Deputy Editor in Chief of China Mining News, was invited to give a speech on "Several Thoughts on Strengthening the News and Propaganda Work of Harmonious Mining Area Construction", which was recognized by the attending leaders and experts.
Zhao Laping believes that in China, the construction of harmonious mining areas is still a highly exploratory task, and there is no ready-made model that can be copied. Both the top-level institutional design and specific operational models need to be further improved and perfected, and also require social understanding and support. Timely and effective news promotion is indispensable in this process.
So, how can we report on the construction of green mines and harmonious mining areas in order to maximize the dissemination benefits? Zhao Laping believes that the first step is to observe the overall situation in terms of intention. " The media cannot simply promote and advertise, but should take a higher perspective to plan, publicize, and drive this work. ”
What is meant by '; The general trend;? It is to identify the inherent connection between the construction of harmonious mining areas, the rule of law, the realization of the Chinese Dream, the improvement of the mining governance system, and the enhancement of governance capabilities. Especially, it is necessary to strengthen the attention and research on the mechanism of profit distribution in mineral development. The mechanism for distributing benefits in mineral development is the biggest obstacle to the transformation of management functions and a key focus of reform in deep-water areas. But it involves a wide range and varies greatly in different regions, so the top-level design is very difficult.
Secondly, in terms of writing style, efforts should be made to discover and find the intersection between leadership and public attention, break through conventions in form, absorb the writing style of explanatory reports such as The Wall Street Journal and Southern Weekend, and move with details, stories, and emotions.
In addition, in today's era of emerging media advantages and information explosion, it is particularly important to pay attention to the use of new media such as the internet, mobile phones, WeChat, Weibo, and mobile clients, and quickly form a three-dimensional cross disciplinary propaganda and reporting network.
Finally, news organizations or media can also report sensitive and difficult issues to the government through internal references, situation feedback, and other forms, in order to gain the opportunity and initiative to resolve the problem.