Emergency response to mining accidents

Accident Handling Tips for Poisoning and Suffocation

(1) Before entering the dangerous area, rescue personnel must wear protective equipment such as gas masks and self-rescuers, and check their air tightness to prevent rescue personnel from suffering from poisoning or suffocation accidents, which could lead to even greater casualties.

(2) Move the poisoned person to a well-ventilated and fresh-air area, have them lie down in a warm position, and assess their breathing and heart conditions. If the person's breathing has stopped but their heart is still beating, immediately loosen their clothing and belts, clear any debris from their mouth and nose to keep the airway unobstructed, and perform artificial respiration. If the heart has stopped beating, quickly perform chest compressions and artificial respiration, and rush them to the hospital as soon as possible.

(3) For patients with mild poisoning and whose mucous membranes have suffered damage, it is necessary to encourage them to rinse their mouths with clean water or normal saline immediately. After orally taking about 500ml each time, they should stimulate their throat to vomit. This process should be repeated continuously.

(4) During the rescue operation, the emergency personnel must remain calm and act quickly. On the way to the hospital, the poisoned person should be placed in a supine position to ensure smooth breathing, and continuous artificial resuscitation should be carried out.

Disposal Key Points for Water Infiltration Accidents

(1) It is necessary to promptly determine the location and nature of the water outburst, estimate the outburst volume, the static water level, the water inflow volume after the outburst, the affected area, the recharge source, and the relevant surface water bodies.

(2) Based on the initial position before the accident and the possible conditions encountered during the evacuation, determine the location of the endangered individuals. Analyze the area and other locations that still have survival conditions, determine the volume of space and oxygen levels at that location, and calculate the amount of time they can survive.

(3) Drainage should be organized based on the amount of accumulated water and the water inflow. At the same time, the ground recharge sources should be blocked to control the water level and prevent the expansion of the area where the mine shafts and tunnels are flooded.

(4) Enhance ventilation during the drainage and rescue operations, monitor the concentration of harmful gases, cut off the power supply in the disaster area to prevent the sudden emergence of other toxic gases.

(5) During the reconnaissance and rescue operations after the drainage process, measures must be taken to prevent roof collapses, cave-ins, and secondary water outbursts.

(6) When rescuers are dealing with flood accidents, they enter the tunnel in the opposite direction of the water flow for reconnaissance.

(7) When transporting and rescuing the injured, it is necessary to prevent any sudden changes to the environment and living conditions that the injured have become accustomed to, as this could lead to unnecessary casualties.

冒顶和片帮事故的处理要点

(1) First, reinforce the supports at both ends of the collapsed area to prevent the collapse area from expanding. Also, have a dedicated person to monitor the changes in the roof. If any signs of another collapse are detected, immediately strengthen the support and prepare a safe evacuation route in advance.

(2) Based on the actual situation, determine the extent of the cave-in and the location and number of the trapped individuals. Maintain contact with them and encourage them to cooperate with the rescue efforts. When rescuing the trapped individuals, the rescue personnel should first communicate with them by shouting, knocking, using sound detectors, etc., to determine their location and number.

(3) If the location where the endangered personnel are located has poor ventilation, measures must be taken to enhance ventilation. Methods such as using pressure air pipes, water pipes, excavating tunnels, and drilling holes should be employed to supply fresh air, beverages, and food to the endangered personnel.

(4) When dealing with roof collapse, different rescue methods should be adopted based on factors such as the height of rock layer collapse, the size of the collapsed blocks, the location and extent of the collapse, and the ground pressure of the surrounding rock.

(5) During the rescue operation, it is essential to constantly monitor the safety of the trapped individuals. If the area of the collapse is not extensive, and the trapped individuals are being held by large rocks, blasting is not allowed. Instead, hydraulic jacks or other tools can be used to lift the large rocks and quickly rescue the individuals. If the area of the collapse is large and the individuals are trapped in the roadway, another roadway can be opened to bypass the collapse area and rescue the individuals. When clearing the collapsed coal, tools should be used carefully to avoid harming the trapped individuals.

(6) For the victims rescued from the accident, they should be immediately moved to a safe area and properly treated according to their injuries.
 

Disposal Key Points for Collapse Accidents

(1) After a collapse accident occurs, a danger zone is designated around the accident site. People are evacuated and organized to move to a safe location to prevent unnecessary casualties.

(2) Quickly determine the number and specific locations of the buried individuals. Immediately count the number of people and inquire from the informed individuals about the locations where the missing persons are buried. Organize rescue efforts at the earliest possible time to prevent the situation from deteriorating due to delays in response.

(3) Only when it is ensured that there will be no secondary collapse or even if a collapse occurs, it will not endanger the safety of the rescue personnel, can the rescue operation be carried out to avoid casualties among the rescue workers caused by secondary collapses.

(4) Rescue the trapped individuals. Based on the specific circumstances of the accident, a combination of mechanical and manual methods should be employed to handle the collapsed site. When approaching the trapped individuals, mechanical operations must be halted and manual excavation should be adopted to prevent accidental injury to the trapped individuals.

(5) The rescued injured persons should be treated by the on-site medical rescue staff. Those with severe injuries should be immediately sent to the hospital for treatment.