From the ancient artificial digging of wells to the present ~

　　 well, which occupies great significance for the development of human civilization. Before the emergence of wells, human beings lived by water and could only live in places with surface water or springs, and later with the invention of wells, the scope of human activities began to expand. China is also one of the earliest countries in the world to develop and utilize groundwater. The well at the ancient cultural site of Yuyao Hemudu in Zhejiang is the earliest well found in China today, dating from about 5700 years ago. This square timber well is a fairly elaborate shape, with a depth of about 1.35 meters and a side length of 2 meters. In the ruins of the palace of the Nanyue King in Guangzhou, there are also many wells stacked from the time of the Nanyue King to the Qing Dynasty. 　　 deep well drilling technology was invented in the 1st century BC, that is, more than 2,100 years ago, when our people explored this technology in order to find salt. And from the cultural relics excavated from ancient Chinese tombs in the 1st century AD, we can see the scene of drilling wells to extract salt water. In ancient China, the percussion Dundrill sinking method, referred to as Dundrill, was invented and used in ancient China, from the Spring and Autumn Warring States to the Tang Dynasty. With the development of metallurgical iron and metallurgy, labor tools have been improved. In addition, the invention and use of mechanical production tools such as pulleys, levers, and water mills (tools that use the power of water flow to automatically scoop rice) have promoted the development of drilling tools and technologies. Coupled with the discovery and exploitation of underground brine resources, it has stimulated the development of drilling technology, and the drilling technology of Don Well has emerged.
　　
　　The hero of organizing large-scale sinking in history is Li Bing. More than 2,200 years ago, Li Bing was the chief executive of Sichuan at the time, he was an official and scientist who knew astronomy and geography, was proficient in water conservancy, and was good at drilling. Dujiangyan, a world-famous water conservancy project, was built by his people. In addition, he extensively drilled wells and exploited salt wells in the area of Shuangliu in Chengdu, Sichuan today, which promoted the economic development of Sichuan and played a great role in promoting Sichuan's name as the country of heavenly prefectures.
　　
　　Manually excavated wells, sinking wells, the depth that can be dug is very limited. Later, after the basic machinery, the use of the principle of impact to drill wells was the beginning of the impact drilling method. At the beginning, there was no use of machinery such as hydraulic power, but the birthplace of drilling technology driven by manpower or animal power was in China. Joseph Needham, a world-renowned historian of science, wrote in his book: "This technique of drilling or sinking wells used today in the exploration of oil fields is certainly an invention of Chinese".
　　
　　The original drilling equipment consisted mainly of treadmills and derricks. On the other side of the frame is the drill bit, and the person steps on one side of the frame, and the drill bit impacts up and down on the other side to gouge the wellhead. The derrick is a bracket responsible for lifting and lifting. The chiseled rocks and debris are fished out through the bamboo tube. Lift descent by pulleys on derricks. Due to the mechanical use of Dong technology, compared with manual excavation, it has the advantages of saving labor, fast drilling speed, and large drilling depth, which is a major turning point in the history of drilling. In the Tang Dynasty, large winch cars of shaft type began to be used for drilling. The drum on the winch can be wound with a relatively large length rope, one end of the rope is fixed is the salvage cylinder or sand drum is fixed, and the other end is fixed back to the winch car through the pulley of the derrick. This allows for the removal of rock debris from the well and the depth of brine extraction to be greatly improved.
　　
　　Among the many wells, the most representative is the Shenhai well. This well is the world's first man-drilled well more than a kilometer deep. It is located in Changyantang, Daan District, Zigong City, Sichuan Province, covering an area of 3 acres, and the well is located at an altitude of 341.4 meters. The well was excavated in the 3rd year of Daoguang (1823) and chiseled in the fifteenth year of Daoguang (1835), which lasted 13 years and was 1001.42 meters deep. After the successful excavation of the well, more than 10,000 quintals of black brine were sprayed every day, and more than 8,000 cubic meters of natural gas were produced at the same time, which could be burned in more than 80 pots of salt pan. By 1940, it could still produce nearly 10,000 quintals of black brine and 4,000 to 8,000 cubic meters of natural gas.
　　
　　Shenhaijing Site: Now the old site of this ancient salt well is open to the public, restoring the real scene of using cattle to extract salt brine and natural gas to boil salt. The 18.3-meter "overhead crane" made of thick logs is retained, and the impact wooden frame is stamped by several people at the same time using the principle of levers. For the majority of tourists to visit.
　　
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