Safety rectification of open-pit mines


Starting from layered mining< Br/>
From top to bottom, layered mining is a fundamental principle of open-pit mining. The relevant regulations have clear limits on the stage height of open-pit mines under different lithology and operation methods. However, there are still many small and medium-sized mines that adopt a very primitive non layered, high-level mining method. The height of the stage is often tens of meters, or even hundreds of meters, far exceeding the relevant regulations. This is a very important reason for the continuous occurrence of major malignant accidents in open-pit mines. The implementation of top-down and layered mining should become the primary content of mine safety rectification& Nbsp< Br/>
Layered mining can fundamentally change the unsafe production situation of high-level mining. An appropriate mining height not only reduces the possibility of production slope collapse, but also in most cases makes the on-site situation more intuitive and clear, and greatly improves production conditions related to safety. Adopting layered mining method is also beneficial for promoting the process of mechanized operations in mining. Efficient mining equipment such as rock drilling, shovel loading, and transportation can achieve the best benefits in appropriate layered mining methods, which is extremely beneficial for reducing mining costs. Promoting mechanized operations in mines and minimizing opportunities for direct interaction between people and stones is of great significance in minimizing the occurrence of mining accidents& Nbsp< Br/>
Layered mining is the most fundamental and effective method to eliminate major production safety hazards in mining. The safety rectification work of open-pit mines should start from top to bottom and start with layered mining< Br/>


Emphasize the construction of waste rock disposal sites< Br/>
In actual mining operations, arbitrary disposal of waste rocks or improper setting of disposal sites can be seen everywhere. Debris flows often occur due to issues with the setting of disposal sites. Therefore, the proper setting up of waste quarries is another important issue that should be highly valued in the safety rectification of mines& Nbsp< Br/>
The main factors contributing to the formation of debris flow are soil, stone, water, and necessary terrain conditions. The prevention of potential hazards from dumping sites in mining construction should start with the location of the dumping site. We should not only consider the conditions for the formation of debris flows and take drastic measures to prevent them from happening, but also consider that in the event of a debris flow, it will not have a significant impact on the external environment. From a safety perspective, it is important not to endanger personal safety. Therefore, when constructing a waste disposal site, the first step should be to start with the terrain and geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, engineering geological conditions, and surrounding environment, or to avoid unfavorable factors, choose the most suitable site, or modify relevant conditions appropriately to adapt to actual needs. Appropriate protective measures should be taken and management should be strengthened during use, such as setting up intercepting ditches, establishing supporting facilities such as stone dams and mud dams, to further enhance the stability of the disposal site and prevent soil loss and other disasters& Nbsp< Br/>
For the phenomenon of arbitrary disposal that has already formed, active remedial measures should be taken during the rectification process, and the suspensionThe size of the slope angle at the end of mining is mainly related to the high slope ratio, rock physical and mechanical properties, hydrogeological conditions, and mine morphology. Some have also proposed factors such as mining intensity and service life, which means that mines with high mining intensity and short service life can adopt steeper slopes to improve economic benefits. But the author believes that the stability of the final slope should not only be reflected during the mining period of the mine, but should be a permanent issue. If a steep slope angle is taken in order to minimize the amount of stripping during the mining period, the unstable upper rock mass should still be cut off after the mining work is completed to avoid leaving hidden dangers. The mines that are about to close should pay sufficient attention to this in their rectification< Br/>


Actively providing large-scale mining< Br/>
Looking at the occurrence of mining accidents in recent years, it can be found that most major accidents occur in small mines. With the development of the market economy, the continued existence of small-scale mines has not only lost its positive significance, but also increased social instability due to frequent accidents& Nbsp< Br/>
Most small mines lack funds, technology, safety facilities, and many other aspects that cannot be compared to large and medium-sized mines. It is only a matter of luck that accidents do not occur during production. Objective laws indicate that small-scale, family workshop style mining development cannot survive in the era of industrial production, and will inevitably be replaced by large-scale production. At present, the time is ripe for vigorously promoting large-scale mining in China's mines& Nbsp< Br/>
The large-scale mining of mines should resolutely close small mines that waste resources, damage the environment, and have no guarantee of safety, as permitted by resource and environmental protection plans. At the same time, select some mines with better comprehensive conditions, integrate advantageous resources, and develop them on a large scale. It is gratifying that relevant departments have imposed restrictions on the minimum mining scale of mines and promoted the implementation of mergers, acquisitions, and restructuring of mines as soon as possible. Some regions have already conducted trial bidding and auction of mining rights, which will definitely play a positive role in promoting the large-scale mining of mines& Nbsp< Br/>
In deepening the safety rectification work of open-pit mines, it is necessary to attach importance to the implementation of the principle of top-down and layered mining, improve the development and transportation system, attach importance to the construction of important facilities such as waste disposal sites, reasonably determine technical elements, actively advocate and promote the joint transformation of small mines, and follow a standardized and standardized development pathIn order to achieve the essential safety production of the mine< Br/>
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